Tracker: State Legislation on Deepfakes in Elections
The rapid development of artificial intelligence (A.I.) poses a myriad of serious threats to our democracy, from supercharging disinformation to making it easier to manipulate voters. One very acute concern shared by both parties is A.I. generated deepfakes in election communications. Deepfakes are A.I.-generated images, audio, or video depicting a candidate saying or doing things they never did to damage that candidate’s reputation and deceive voters.
Without regulation, deepfakes are likely to further confuse voters and undermine confidence in elections. A deepfake video could be released days or hours before an election with no time to debunk it – misleading voters and altering the outcome of the election.
State legislatures across the country are starting to pass urgently needed legislation to regulate deepfakes in elections, usually with bipartisan backing. So far, this legislation has received bipartisan support in every state where it has passed. The table below illustrates where states have passed or are in the process of debating legislation to regulate deepfakes in elections.
| STATE | BILL NO. | STATUS |
|---|---|---|
| Alabama | HB 172 | Passed House Mar. 2024 |
| Alaska | SB 177 | Introduced Jan. 2024 |
| Arizona | SB 1515 | Introduced Jan. 2024 |
| Arizona | HB 2394 | Passed House Feb. 2024 |
| Arizona | SB 1359 | Passed Senate Feb. 2024 |
| California | AB 730 | Enacted Oct. 2019 |
| California | AB 2355 | Introduced Feb. 2024 |
| California | AB 2839 | Introduced Feb. 2024 |
| California | AB 2655 | Introduced Feb. 2024 |
| Colorado | HB 1147 | Passed April 2024 |
| Connecticut | SB 2 | Passed Senate April 2024 |
| Connecticut | HB 5450 | Introduced Mar. 2024 |
| Deleware | HS 1 | Introduced Feb. 2024 as HB 316 |
| Florida | SB 850 | Introduced Jan. 2024 |
| Florida | HB 919 | Passed Mar. 2024 |
| Georgia | HB 986 | Passed House Feb. 2024; Senate Tabled March 2024 |
| Hawaii | HB 1766 | Passed House Mar. 2024 |
| Hawaii | SB 2687 | Passed April 2024 |
| Hawaii | HB 1734 | Introduced Jan. 2024 |
| Idaho | HB 426 | Introduced Jan. 2024 |
| Idaho | HB 565 | Introduced Feb. 2024 |
| Idaho | HB 664 | Enacted Mar. 2024 |
| Illinois | SB 1742 | Introduced Feb. 2023 |
| Illinois | HB 4933 | Introduced Feb. 2024 |
| Illinois | HB 4644 | Introduced Feb. 2024 |
| Indiana | SB7 | Introduced Jan. 2024 |
| Indiana | HB 1228 | Introduced Jan. 2024 |
| Indiana | HB 1225 | Introduced Jan. 2024 |
| Indiana | HB 1133 | Enacted Mar. 2024 |
| Iowa | HF 2549 | Passed House Mar. 2024 |
| Iowa | SF 2318 | Introduced Feb. 2024 |
| Kansas | HB 2559 | Introduced Jan. 2024 |
| Kansas | HB 2576 | Introduced Jan. 2024 |
| Kentucky | HB 45 | Passed House Feb. 2024 |
| Kentucky | SB 131 | Passed Senate Feb. 2024 |
| Louisiana | HB 154 | Passed House April 2024 |
| Louisiana | SB 6 | Passed Senate April 2024 |
| Louisiana | SB 97 | Passed Senate April 2024 |
| Louisiana | SB 9 | Introduced Mar. 2024 |
| Maryland | HB 872 | Introduced Feb. 2024 |
| Maryland | SB 978 | Passed Senate Mar. 2024; Failed in House April 2024 |
| Massachusetts | S 2730 | Referred to Committee Jan. 2024 |
| Michigan | HB 5144 | Enacted Nov. 2023 |
| Minnesota | HF 1370 | Enacted May 2023 |
| Minnesota | SF 3550 | Introduced Feb. 2024 |
| Minnesota | SF 4029 | Introduced Feb. 2024 |
| Minnesota | HF 4772 | Passed House April 2024 |
| Mississippi | HB 1689 | Failed April 2024 |
| Mississippi | SB 2577 | Passed April 2024 |
| Missouri | HB 2628 | Passed House Mar. 2024 |
| Nebraska | LB 1203 | Indefinitely Postponed April 2024 |
| New Hampshire | HB 1596 | Passed House Mar. 2024 |
| New Hampshire | HB 1432 | Passed House Mar. 2024 |
| New Hampshire | HB 1500 | Referred for Study Mar. 2024 |
| New Hampshire | HB 1710 | Failed Feb. 2024 |
| New Jersey | A 2819 | Introduced May 2023 as A 5511 |
| New Jersey | A 2818 | Introduced May 2023 as A 5510 |
| New Jersey | A 3838 | Introduced Feb. 2024 |
| New Mexico | HB 182 | Enacted Mar. 2024 |
| New York | A 7106A | Introduced in May 2023 |
| New York | S 7592 | Introduced in July 2023 |
| New York | S 8400A | Introduced Jan. 2024 |
| New York | A 9028 | Introduced Feb. 2024 |
| New York | NY State Budget FY 2024-25 (Part MM Subpart B) | Enacted April 2024 |
| Ohio | HB 367 | Introduced Dec. 2023 |
| Ohio | HB 410 | Introduced Feb. 2024 |
| Oklahoma | HB 3825 | Introduced Feb. 2024 |
| Oklahoma | SB 1655 | Passed Senate Mar. 2024 |
| Oregon | SB 1571 | Enacted Mar. 2024 |
| Pennsylvania | HB 2079 | Introduced Mar. 2024 |
| Rhode Island | H 7387 | Introduced Jan. 2024 |
| South Carolina | H 4660 | Introduced Dec. 2023 |
| South Dakota | SB 96 | Failed Feb. 2024 |
| Tennessee | SB 2057 | Failed Feb. 2024 |
| Tennessee | SB 2386 | Failed Mar. 2024 |
| Tennessee | HB 2340 | Introduced Jan. 2024 |
| Texas | SB 751 | Enacted June 2019 |
| Utah | SB 131 | Enacted Mar. 2024 |
| Virginia | HB 697 | Tabled until 2025 |
| Washington | SB 5152 | Enacted May 2023 |
| West Virginia | HB 4963 | Failed March 2024 |
| Wisconsin | SB 644 | Introduced Nov. 2023 |
| Wisconsin | AB 664 | Enacted Mar. 2024 |
| Wyoming | SF 0051 | Failed Mar. 2024 |
Last updated: April 25, 2024
See an error or want to share information on state political deepfake legislation? Please contact Ilana Beller (ibeller@citizen.org).