Unbalanced WTO Dispute System – Women Need Not Apply: Gender Analysis of WTO Dispute Panelists
Unbalanced WTO Dispute System – Women Need Not Apply: Gender Analysis of WTO Dispute Panelists
Of 159 Member WTO Dispute Panelist Roster,
147 Are Men (92.5%) and 12 Are Women (7.5%)
Country | Women | Men |
Australia | 3 | 15 |
Austria | 0 | 4 |
Belgium | 0 | 2 |
Chile | 1 | 3 |
Colombia | 1 | 4 |
Cuba | 0 | 1 |
Czech Rep. | 0 | 2 |
Denmark | 0 | 1 |
Egypt | 1 | 1 |
Finland | 0 | 4 |
France | 1 | 3 |
Country | Women | Men |
Germany | 0 | 7 |
Greece | 0 | 2 |
Hong Kong, China | 0 | 5 |
India | 2 | 10 |
Ireland | 0 | 3 |
Israel | 0 | 6 |
Italy | 0 | 4 |
Japan | 0 | 10 |
Korea | 0 | 6 |
Mauritius | 0 | 1 |
Country | Women | Men |
Netherlands | 0 | 5 |
New Zealand | 0 | 7 |
Norway | 0 | 3 |
Spain | 0 | 1 |
Sweden | 0 | 11 |
Switzerland | 2 | 8 |
United States | 1 | 9 |
United Kingdom | 0 | 7 |
Venezuela | 0 | 2 |
Total: | 12 | 147 |
Source – U.S. Trade Representative (1998)
* None of the seven Members appointed to the WTO Appellate Body are women.
* Only one of 59 EU appointees is a woman.
* Of the 39 panelists appointed to the dispute resolutions where the U.S. is involved, 38 are men and one is a woman.